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Germplasm Overview
| Name | Sunki |
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| Alias | N/A |
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| GRIN ID | PI 539678
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| Type | Cultivar |
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| Species | Citrus sunki |
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| Description | N/A |
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| Origin Country | N/A |
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| Origin Detail | N/A |
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| Pedigree | N/A |
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| Maternal Parent | N/A |
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| Paternal Parent | N/A |
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| Maternal Parent of | C-22 Bitters [view all 15] |
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| Paternal Parent of | N/A |
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| Phenotypic Data | [view all 37] |
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| SSR Genotype Data | N/A |
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| SNP Genotype Data | N/A |
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| Map | N/A |
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| DNA Library | N/A |
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| Sequence | N/A |
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| Comments | "The <i>sunki</i>, <i>suenkat</i> or <i>sunkat</i> of South China, which is the sour mandarin <i>C. reticulata</i>, var. <i> austera</i>) of Swingle's classification...is a medium-small, upright tree with distinctive pale-green leaves. The fruit is medium-small, oblate and markedly depressed at both ends, and with basal furrows. The rind is very thin, loose, and light yellowish-orange, with a smooth, shiny surface and prominent oil glands. The rind is strong and spicy with a distinctive aroma. The flavor is acid, the fruit never becoming edible. Seeds are medium-large, plump, polyembryonic, and have pale-green cotyledons.<p> "<i>C. sunki</i> is considered to be native to China and is said to be a widely employed rootstock in China and Taiwan." (Hodgson, 1967, pp 525-526)<p> "Differs from the sweet mandarin orange in having smaller fruits with intensely acid pulp. The type of this variety is the sour mandarin called <i>sand#252;n kat</i> in Cantonese, propagated from seed in the Swatow region of Kwantung, where it is commonly used as a rootstock for grafting. G.W. Groff in 1918, in a manuscript report covering his work on citrus done in China under Swingle's supervision for the former Bureau of Plant Industry of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, described the <i>sand#252;n kat</i> as follows:<p> "'Fruits slightly depressed-globose, 2.9-3.3 cm long, 3.3-3.6 cm diam., with smooth, loose peel about 4 mm thick, capucine yellow (Ridgway, pl. 3) when ripe; oil glands small, round, far apart, fragrant; segments 9, easily separated; segment walls thin, tender, white; core 6-8 mm diam., soft; pulp deep chrom yellow (Ridgway, pl. 3), composed of small, short, pulp-vesicles, clinging together but irregularly arranged and easily broken; juice reddish yellow, very sour; seeds about 9, rounded at one end, pointed at the other, showing white parallel lines from base to tip; leaves lanceolate-elliptical, blades 6.8x 2.5 cm, rather acutely cuneate at the base and narrowed to a blunt apex, with about 10 pairs of lateral veins; petioles nearly wingless.'<p> "This variety is widely grown about Swatow, China, where it is used as a rootstock upon which to graft the Ponkan or <i>mi-tong-kan</i> ("honey pot orange") and other famous varieties widely exported from Swatow.<p> "Probably some of the other sour mandarins called <i>kat</i> by the Cantonese are forms of this variety. Some of the so-called <i>kat</i> varieties with large fruits, which as they ripen may become sweet enough to eat, are probably hybrids between the variety <i>austera</i> and the sweet mandarin, <i>C. reticulata</i>, or the sweet orange, <i>C. sinensis</i>." (Swingle, 1943, p 415; Swingle and Reece, 1967, pp 381-382)<p>A small sour mandarin. (EM Nauer, 03/1987)<P>Sunki is widely used as a rootstock in China but has not had extensive evaluation in other areas. It is tolerant of tristeza andxyloporosis but susceptible to exocortis. Sunki is reported to be susceptible to <i>Phytophthora</i> but has survived well in some trials. It is also said to be tolerant of blight-like diseases in Brazil. Trees propagated on Sunki are reported to be highly salt tolerant, moderately cold hardy, and only slightly susceptible to chlorosis on calcareous soils. Trees on Sunki have been reported to be smaller than standard in China and Texas but large in Florida and California. Fruit yield and quality are at least equivalent to trees on sour orange or Cleopatra mandarin. Sunki is polyembryonic but has a higher proportion of zygotic seedlings than many other rootstocks. (Summarized from Wutscher, 1979, p 251; Castle, 1987, pp 373-374; Castle <i>et al</i>, 1993, p 25)<p>This is the "standard" accession of 'Sunki'. A recently received selection is <a href="http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/acc/display.pl?1802000"target="_blank">RRUT 444</a>. (RR Krueger, 07/09/2009) |
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| Reference | [view all 3] |
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Qtl
Total 71 records
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Publications
| Year | Publication |
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| 1998 | Filho HDC, Machado MA, Targon MLPN, Moreira MCPQDG, Pompeu J. Analysis of the genetic diversity among mandarins (Citrus spp.) using RAPD markers. Euphytica. 1998; 102(1):133-139. |
| 2006 | Siviero A, Cristofani M, Furtado EL, Garcia AAF, Coelho ASG, and Machado MA. Identification of QTLs associated with citrus resistance to Phytophthora gummosis. Journal of Applied Genetics. 2006. 47(1):23-28. |
| 2016 | Yu Y, Chen C, Gmitter F. QTL mapping of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit characters using high-throughput SNP markers. Tree Genetics & Genomes. 2016; 12(77):1-16. |
Cross References
External references for this accession
Phenotypic Data
Phenotypic Data
Total 37 trait scores
| # |
Dataset |
Descriptor |
Value |
| 1 | Citrus.FruitJuiceData.92 | shapeapex | 4 | | 2 | Citrus.FruitJuiceData.92 | shapebase | 4 | | 3 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | leafform | 2 | | 4 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | leafmargin | 1 | | 5 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | leafshape | 1 | | 6 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | leaftype | 1 | | 7 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | petiolshap | 3 | | 8 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | shootipcol | 1 | | 9 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | treehabit | 2 | | 10 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | treeshape | 2 | | 11 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | treevigor | 2 | | 12 | Citrus.TreeData.89 | veglifcycl | 1 |
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